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Background Indoor air pollution is an important risk factor affecting health of the respiratory system. Studies on indoor air pollution in China are mostly limited to the central and eastern regions, and there are few studies in the rural areas of northwest China. Objective To explore the influencing factors of lung ventilation function and its relationship with indoor air pollution in rural areas of Gansu Province based on a cross-sectional investigation. Methods A total of 399 subjects were selected from four villages in Baiyin and Yuzhong of Gansu Province. Questionnaires were used to collect demographic information, lifestyle, disease history, fuel use, and other information, and physical and functional tests were ordered such as height, weight, and lung function. The Indoor Air Pollution (IAP) exposure index was calculated based on smoking, fuel type, and weekly ventilation. IAP > 5 was defined as a high level of indoor air pollution. Lung function indexes included forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), FEV1/FVC, forced vital capacity as a percentage of predicted value (FVC%), and forced expiratory volume in the first second as a percentage of predicted value (FEV1%), which were used to determine pulmonary ventilation dysfunction. Logistic regression model was used to evaluate the relationship between indoor air pollution and pulmonary ventilation function, and subgroup analysis was further conducted according to home address and BMI , in order to identify the high-risk population of pulmonary ventilation dysfunction. Results The mean age of the subjects was (56.75±7.31) years old; 155 subjects (38.85%) had normal pulmonary ventilation function, and the other 244 subjects (61.14%) had impaired pulmonary ventilation function; about 89.97% of the subjects were exposed to high level of indoor air pollution (IAP > 5). We found that IAP > 5 (OR=2.327, 95%CI: 1.089-4.974) and use of bituminous coal as the main heating fuel in winter (OR=3.467, 95%CI: 1.197-10.037) increased the risk of pulmonary ventilation dysfunction after adjusting for age, BMI, residence, gender, smoking, drinking, and cardiovascular disease. The subgroup analysis results showed that no ventilation in the living room/bedroom (OR=3.460, 95%CI: 1.116-10.268) increased the risk of pulmonary ventilation dysfunction in Baiyin. Heating with coal stoves and Chinese Kang in the bedroom (OR=2.092, 95%CI: 1.030-4.247) and cooking in the bedroom in winter ( OR =2.954, 95% CI : 1.046-8.344) also increased the risk of pulmonary ventilation dysfunction in the residents with BMI≤24 kg·m−2. IAP > 5 (OR=3.739, 95%CI: 1.147-12.182) was associated with a significantly increased risk of pulmonary ventilation dysfunction in the BMI > 24 kg·m−2 subgroup. Conclusion The pulmonary ventilation function of rural residents in Gansu is poor, which is negatively correlated with indoor air pollution. Coal use, overweight, cooking in bedroom, and use of coal stoves and Chinese Kang for heating may increase the risk of pulmonary ventilation dysfunction, while room ventilation is a beneficial factor.
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Objective To explore job satisfaction degrees and the influencing factors among community nurses. Method General information questionnaire and the revised job satisfaction questionnaire were adopted in the investigation among 124 nurses from 28 community health service centers in Nanchong City between February to October 2016. Results The total score was (119.62 ± 15.37), at the moderate to high level. Of the eight dimensions, relationship with colleagues was scored the highest, and personal growth was the lowest. The influencing factors of the nurse's job satisfaction were found to be employment type, work positions, service duration in the community and whether they have been trained on community nursing position (all P<0.05). Conclusions The job satisfaction degree of community nurses is generally at middle level. Therefore, measures should be taken to improve the job satisfaction for the development of community nursing services.
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OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for the scientific ratio,rational application and standardized management of nar-cotic drugs and class Ⅰ psychoactive drugs(special drugs)in our hospital. METHODS:The clinical application of special drugs in our hospital from 2009 to 2013 was analyzed based on its consumption sum,DDDs,sorting and sorting ratio. RESULTS:The pro-portions of the consumption sum of special drugs in the total sum of essential medicines in from 2009 to 2013 were respectively 66.16%,67.60%,27.81%,12.11% and 6.87%,and it significantly reduced from 2011. The essential medicines’kinds in special drugs with top 10 consumption sum from 2009 to 2013 were respectively 9,8,7,6 and 5;the DDDs were respectively 9,9,8,6 and 6,consumption sum and DDDs gradually reduced,and mostly after sorting by. The sorting ratio of Sufentanil citrate injection and Transdermal fentanyl was less than 1 for several years,the sorting ratio of Morphine hydrochloride sustained-release tablet and Peth-idine hydrochloride injection was more than 1 for several years,and the sorting ratio of Oxycodone hydrochloride sustained-release tablet in 2013 changed from less than 1 to more than 1. CONCLUSIONS:The consumption sum and dosage of non-essential medi-cines in special drugs in our hospital from 2009 to 2013 gradually increased,and the essential medicines gradually reduced. The main reason is the current included kinds in the essential drug list is less so that it can not fully meet the clinical needs. It is suggest-ed that the relevant departments appropriately increase the varieties to meet the demand in the revision of essential medicine list;and hospitals take necessary measures to control the application proportion of the non-essential medicines to improve the application rate of essential medicines.
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Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Infection affects approximately 170 million people globally, that causes chronic hepatitis C and has been associated with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. In the past few years, significant advances have been made in development and clinical application of direct anti-viral agents (DAA) that have been demonstrated highly safe and effective with very high sustained virological response (SVR) rates. This article provides systemic review in this field, especially USA FDA approved DAA regimens for HCV treatment.
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Objective To explore the present state of clinical decision-making ability of nursing students in Sichuan Province. Methods The instrument for measuring the clinical decision-making ability of nursing students was adopted te investigate baccalaureate nursing students from four colleges and uni-versifies in Sichuan Province who had completed 10-12-month clinical practice. Results The overall mean score of clinical decision-making ability of baccalaureate nursing students in Sichuan Province was (72.86± 4.53). Among the dimensions, the scoring rate of Goal-setting Ability Dimension was the highest and that of evaluation-feedback ability dimension the lowest. In terms of the qualification rate of clinical decision-making ability, 99.52% of the students were qualified (4.82% good and 94.7% passed) and 0.48% was unqualified. Conclusions Baccalaureate nursing students in Sichuan Province have not showed a high level in clinical nursing decision-making ability and most of them are just qualified. No students have reached the level of excellence.
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Objective To investigate in knowledge rate of 120 first aid and satisfaction rate with emergency services among Nanchong citizens. Methods 360 patients who received prehospital first aid from three hospitals and their accompanies were selected from January to June 2010. The investigation content included knowledge rate of 120 first aid and satisfaction rate with emergency services. Results Results showed that about half of those surveyed still did not know the emergency phone"120" and its function, lacked self-help and self-protection knowledge, some respondents felt quite helpless upon daily life of electric shock, gas poisoning, coma and traumatic accidents. The attitude of the majority of emergency personnel was good or better, but still very stiff or irresponsible attitude existed in those few. This undermined the "120" and the image of credibility and emergency personnel. Conclusions There is an urgent need for universal coverage of on-site first aid knowledge and enhance awareness of first aid. Full-time staff in emergency department must pay close attention to the knowledge of first aid training, mastering the technique of bleeding control and bandaging, fixing, handling and CPR, as well as the use of instruments and equipment equipped in vehicles. Only in this way can we continuously improve the treatment of critically ill patients and increase survival rate.
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OBJECTIVE:To investigate the use of Chinese patent medicines in Guiyang in order to provide references and information about the research and development,manufacture and use and marketing etc of Chinese patent medicines.METHODS:The use of Chinese patent medicine in Guiyang area during 2004～2006 was analyzed taking DDD and sequence of consumption sum of the top 20 Chinese patent medicines as the main indexes.RESULTS:The use of Chinese patent medicines was influenced directly by dosage forms,price and DDC etc.CONCLUSION:Those Chinese patent medicines with confirmative efficiency,moderate prices and reasonable dosage forms assume precedence over the others in clinical use.